Youthful Defenders - Children and the Martial Arts

by Master Doug Cook

     September ushers in the cooling days of autumn and, along with it, the first few days of school for many youngsters across America. Subsequently, parents eager for their offspring to resume a structured routine following the dog days of summer frequently look to the martial arts for a solution. Of all the disciplines currently available to the public, taekwondo, the national Korean martial art and Olympic sport defined as “the way of defending with feet and hands”, is considered by many to be the most prevalent.[1] What is it about the art of taekwondo with schools found in strip malls and on street corners all over the nation that elevates it above other martial disciplines in offering a program genuinely capable of nurturing a child’s mind, body and spirit?

The Ultimate Demonstration of Respect

     Could it be that taekwondo contains empty-hand and foot techniques with proven effectiveness as an authentic means of self-defense? Or is it the philosophical aspects of the art that attract those seeking more than just a simple, physical workout for their children? Or, perhaps it is the fact that in a constellation of many martial disciplines, taekwondo shares the spotlight, along with judo, as being the only two recognized by the International Olympic Committee thus having the exclusive privilege of participating in the Olympic Games. Either way, it is clear that taekwondo has taken its place as the fastest growing, most popular martial art in the world today.  

     Certainly gymnastics, dance, wrestling and other sports played out on the gaming fields, coupled with a nutritious diet, will satisfy the aerobic and physiological requirements intended to build strong bodies in adolescents. Likewise, series like Odyssey of the Mind and academic clubs, along with similar programs, will clearly stimulate intellectual awareness and mental acuity. Moreover, leadership and life skills involving courtesy and compassion bolstered by self-esteem and confidence can be sparked by membership in various religious and secular groups such as the Boy and Girl Scouts. Yet can any of these worthy pursuits taken in isolation, or in tandem for that matter, truly be expected to instill essential qualities that benefit all aspects of a meaningful life and promising future? For many, the traditional form of taekwondo, if taught sincerely with integrity, will satisfy many of these desirable goals. Yet, how is it possible for a pursuit that superficially resonates with potential physical violence to meet these lofty expectations? And, if they so desire, how does one become involved?

     There are many martial arts schools in existence today; most very good, some outstanding and others, as with many ventures aggressively seeking commercial success, of questionable repute. So it is important for a parent to diligently examine the many possible options readily available. This is especially true with something as polemic as the martial arts where tactics clearly brutal in nature must be offset by honorable principles governing their use. Most martial ways or disciplines followed by the suffix “do” – taekwondo, tangsoodo, karate-do, aikido - adhere to this doctrine through the use of a moral code supported by an ethical philosophical foundation. If this model is to prove effective, however, then it is the responsibility of the instructor to present a balanced version of taekwondo when transmitting its virtues on to eager youngsters. Instructors then should be fairly scrutinized by concerned parents before any commitment is made. Similarly, it is wise to determine early on if competition or life enrichment and self-defense skill is a priority. Oddly, for various reasons, martial arts schools in general do not necessarily meet both criteria. If the parent is hoping to have their child develop a greater sense of discipline, self-control, compassion, perseverance and integrity for instance, then a school featuring a traditional taekwondo curriculum would be desirable. Conversely, if sport and physical fitness as a worthwhile pastime is the ultimate objective unhindered by academics, possibly as a replacement for baseball or football, then a martial arts school cultivating athletes rather than authentic martial artists should be considered. These establishments will focus on competitive, tournament preparation, forfeiting many defensive techniques forbidden in the ring due regulatory restrictions. Even though traditional taekwondo and sport taekwondo are considered two sides of the same coin so to speak, it is rare to find a school that treats both components simultaneously with the concentration they deserve.

     As indicators of a worthy curriculum, any taekwondo class should commence with a brief period of meditation, allowing youngsters ample time to wind down the mental chatter after a challenging day at school. The practice of meditation fosters a tranquil mind capable of increased awareness and can be applied in all aspects of the student’s life where supreme focus is required. It is a time to express what is referred to as the horse mind, the serious, disciplined state of mind as opposed to the playful, carefree monkey mind. Meditative practice is frequently followed by flexibility exercises and calisthenics in preparation for the rigorous kicking, blocking and striking routines that are unique to taekwondo. These individual techniques represent the vital tools of self-defense and are ultimately strung together into patterns known as poomsae – a series of formalized movements intended to repel imaginary opponents attacking from various directions. Poomsae practice lies at the core of the traditional taekwondo syllabus permitting the student to practice coherent defensive strategies in a safe yet dynamic manner. Training is rounded out with drills aimed at deflecting offending strikes and diffusing an assortment of grabs coupled with light or no-contact sparring where students express free-style proficiency within the confines of traditional technique.

     As described, the traditional taekwondo curriculum instills respect, discipline and self-control in adolescents through an appreciation for the implied danger associated with martial arts technique and a pronounced deference towards senior belts, instructors and, by extension, parents and elders. It imbues practical self-defense skill urging students of whatever age to walk life’s path with confidence, heedful of but unhindered by its daily perils. Moreover, from meditation, children learn to cultivate a spiritually tranquil mind in stressful situations. Finally, a familiarity with Asian philosophy and culture in conjunction with a working knowledge with the vocabulary of taekwondo technique in Korean, its native tongue, adds a crucial academic element to physical training.

     In short, the practice of traditional taekwondo promotes excellence and a healthy balance between mind, body and spirit – the holistic triad of human experience – in adolescents willing to strive for nobility. For parents with insight seeking to develop courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control and indomitable will in their children, there is no better vehicle. But the thoughtful parent must be patient and seek wisely; choose a school that is certain to meet your expectations since, once involved, traditional taekwondo is a extraordinary discipline that can last a lifetime.           

Master Doug Cook, a 6^th dan black belt, is head instructor of the Chosun Taekwondo Academy located in Warwick, New York, a senior student of Grandmaster Richard Chun, and author of four best-selling books entitled: Taekwondo…Ancient Wisdom for the Modern Warrior, Traditional Taekwondo - Core Techniques, History and Philosophy, Taekwondo–A Path to Excellence, and Taekwondo Black Belt Poomsae - Original Koryo and Koryo co-authored with Grandmaster Richard Chun, all published by YMAA Publication Center, Inc. He can be reached for lectures, seminars or questions at www.chosuntkd.com or info@chosuntkd.com.

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[1] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_most_popular_martial_art

Chosun Sunrise

by Chosun instructor Jake Garrett

The dojang is silent in the early morning light, a student practices poomsae, several others stretch in solitude, another chooses to sit in meditation. If any words are spoken they are in whispers. Students have learned to keep their minds in the morning state of clarity, the time before the mind and body fully engage in the days activities, by maintaining this quiet passive state of mind they are already preparing for the next hour.

The Master steps onto the mat, quickly and efficiently the students line up standing behind meditation cushions. Joombi is spoken by the Master, the senior student brings the class to attention, opening commands are given, the sunrise class has begun. This is not a tale of training in Korea, this occurs every Wednesday morning here at Chosun.

There is something different about training early in the morning, your body is fresh and strong, your mind is calm and receptive, a perfect time to begin a 15 minute meditation. Often, Ki development techniques follow the meditation, and on occasion the Qigong form Eight Brocades is performed as a warm up. This classic and ancient practice of moving meditation is a soft technique providing a balance in Ki development to the hard style techniques yet to come in the early morning training. Poomsae practice is sometimes performed in a slow detailed style with deep breathing accenting Ki, this method allows the student to focus on proper technique, balance, and starting each move from tanjun with relaxation and power. Every Chosun student should experience poomsae in this manner and add it to their own discipline on occasion.

Don't think that sunrise class is always a silent, contemplative, totally Ki oriented class, it isn't. Many times we leave class drenched, from poomsae, kicking drills, Il Su Siks and Ho Sin Sools performed in a deliberate manner under the observation and explicit direction of Master Cook that is allowed in a relatively small class.

We are fortunate to have such a full weekly schedule of classes, the diversity of classes allow a student to experience the many facets of traditional taekwondo. Take advantage of this diversity, attending the same classes all the time isn't providing you with the all around training that is available at Chosun. Certainly, 5:30 in the morning can create family and work scheduling conflicts, however, consider that on occasion altering your schedule could provide you with a unique training experience, that will enhance your outlook and understanding of traditional taekwondo. If it is just a matter of the early morning hour, well on occasion just get out of bed! You will be surprised of the energy  that will stay with you on that day, the day you choose to attend sunrise.

Hope to see you at sunrise. (Wednesdays at 5:30am)

Kamsahamnida,

Instructor Jake Garrett

The Concept of DO - A Way of Life

by Master Doug Cook

Tae Kwon Do: “Foot, Hand, Way”, or the “art of smashing with hands and feet”; three simple words representing a universe of power. Certainly, the consequences of striking with feet, tae, and hands, kwon, are clear. However, to underestimate the significance of the last syllable, do, due to its grammatical positioning within the root word tae kwon do, is to admit to a profound ignorance in this diverse, holistic discipline. To subtract this suffix entirely is to remove the heart and soul of the art, transforming it, instead, into a mere pugilistic pursuit; a hollow, physical exercise rather than an organic philosophy complete with a ritualized set of moral principles.                      

Pronounced “dough”, this simple two-letter declaration above all symbolizes the spiritual, intellectual and ethical dimensions manifest in the traditional Korean martial art of tae kwon do. Literally translated, do is The Way or Path every martial artist must travel. It is the essence and standard against which all practical and theoretical technique is measured. It is the level we must seek; the ideal we embrace. It is a continuum the sincere practitioner will visit time and time again with never any hope of reaching an end. It is a work constantly in progress. Sang Kyu Shim put this journey into perspective when he wrote: “One must not confuse the skills of living with the Way of living. The martial arts point the way while providing the skills to follow the Way. This is the road to creative change, a road of encounter and discovery. It is the road of a million miles that begins with the first step.”

Bulguksa Temple, South Korea

 While it is true that the term taekwondo itself is only a few short decades old, the fact remains that the art we are presently familiar with resonates with philosophical overtones gleaned from a mixture of traditional fighting styles rooted deep in Korean history. One cannot help but appreciate this virtue while visiting the temples and monuments built to memorialize legendary figures such as the Hwarang-do. Still, there are those today who assert that tae kwon do has no true heritage, that it is nothing more than a competitive sport; a bastard child of Japanese karate or Chinese gungfu. These are the few who would remain rooted in the stands cheering on contestants rather than recognize the virtue in champions of the heart. Forgotten are the centuries of invasion and imperialism during which the Korean people have had to defend the sovereignty of the tiny nation with the blood of their young warriors while nurturing a robust code of honor in the process. This courage is evident in every technique of the national, Korean martial art.                                           

The contemporary model of do partially stems from a desire expressed by noted masters of the past to transform their traditional martial arts skills, no longer as relevant in times of peace, into martial ways. Simply put, a martial way distinguishes itself from a battle art in that the ultimate goal is not necessarily one of combat preparedness so much as it is in discovering a method or means to achieve personal excellence through a practice of the martial arts accompanied by their implied codes of honor. By way of example, tae kwon do, tang soo do, karate do, aikido and judo are all offspring of fighting systems used primarily for the purpose of subduing an adversary in battle and expanded upon by their innovators in modern times to include a roadmap for ethical living. Men such as General Choi Hong-Hi, Hwang Kee, Gichen Funakoshi, Morihei Uyeshiba and Jigoro Kano appreciated the value of elevating their defensive skills, already steeped in ancient ethical philosophies, into still usable disciplines intended to instill defensive strategy, confidence and morality in society at large. Consequently, tens of millions of practitioners worldwide study some form of martial art in an effort to fortify their physical, mental and spiritual capabilities while becoming proficient in a form of self-defense. Practitioners of tae kwon do further support this model by striving to live a balanced life using the Five Tenets as a moral compass. These five ethical directives, as described in a previous column, consist of Courtesy, Integrity, Perseverance, Self-control and Indomitable Spirit; virtues the Korean citizenry at large have had to rely on, particularly during the twentieth century, in rising from the ashes of war to their present state of economical development. Tae kwon do, being a product of this will to survive coupled with a need to reaffirm a national identity on the heels of Japanese occupation, has served as a platform for the cultivation of do.                                                        

Taking a utilitarian approach to the basic theme underscoring The Way can have a significant effect on the practical application of tae kwon do technique in general. For example, the very basis of martial arts movement, now and in the past, can be traced to the observation and mimicry of nature. Therefore, one must concede that nature is embraced by do. Many of the more advanced strikes and stances such as tiger mouth (kumsohn) and cat stance (poom sogi), derive their very names from a flirtation with the defensive tactics seen in the animal kingdom. Likewise, the method of wrist rotation found in the execution of the middle punch (momtang jirugi) while in horse stance (jachoom sogi), replicates the revolution of the planets as described in the principles of celestial mechanics; a truly grand manifestation of The Way. Furthermore, Taeguek series poomse, the choreographed forms that stand as the central pillar of WTF-style tae kwon do, are rich in an abundance of natural metaphor. Borrowing heavily from the ancient, Asian classic, the I Ching, these essential patterns draw their philosophical individualism from the palgwe whose eight sets of trigrams represent nature in its fullness. The virtues of thunder, wind, water, fire and earth are all in evidence as the practitioner learns to overcome the physical limitations of the body, instead experiencing the spiritual aspects of The Way while performing this form of moving meditation. Natural harmony, too, should be evident in the execution of all techniques as it applies to the human anatomy. By practicing within the constraints of the body’s natural range of motion, stress and injury will be brought to a minimum. Likewise, permitting the muscles to remain in a relaxed and natural state will result in the development of explosive power upon impact. Consequently, since The Way is all encompassing in its relationship to physiology, natural movement equates to do. Clearly, from the early stages of social development on up to the present, an understanding of do has been accompanied by a deep appreciation of nature. In fact, one cannot exist without the other.     

The Way, then, is unmistakably paved by virtuous thought and action. It is arrived at through diligent practice and a never ending commitment to excellence. To waver is an admission of one’s humanity. To reclaim the rightful path, however, is a sure sign of discipline and commitment. In the words of the Zen patriarch, Bodhidharma: “All know the Way; few actually walk it.” As we advance in the martial arts our sense of balance, both physically and spiritually, begins to increase. Better health ensues. Reflexes are sharpened and a profound appreciation for the value of life pervades our being. Finally, we are rewarded with increased confidence and self-respect through our knowledge of self-defense. This course is a journey marked by many mileposts. It is a highway whose unbroken line leads to the philosophical and spiritual refinement of the individual. With each new revelation the practitioner comes closer to the ultimate goal of enlightenment. This journey, this road is called tae kwon do and it is defined by its simple, two letter suffix, do.  

Master Doug Cook, a 6th dan black belt, is head instructor of the Chosun Taekwondo Academy located in Warwick, New York, a student of Grandmaster Richard Chun, and author of the best-selling books entitled: Taekwondo…Ancient Wisdom for the Modern Warrior, Traditional Taekwondo…Core Techniques, History and Philosophy, Taekwondo... A Path to Excellence and Taekwondo Black Belt Poomsae...Original Koryo and Koryo co-authored with Grandmaster Richard Chun published by YMAA Publications Center, Inc. He can be reached for discussions or seminars at chosuntkd@yahoo.com or www.chosuntkd.com.

Article originally published in Taekwondo Times magazine Traditions column 

October, 2002